This is a dual biography of the emperors Marcus Antonius Gordianus (âGordian IIIâ, reigned 238-244) and Marcus Julius Philippus Augustus (âPhilip the Arabâ, reigned 244-249), focusing mainly on the political and military events during this crucial stage of the âThird Century Crisisâ. The tumultuous 'Year of the Six Emperors' saw Gordian raised to the purple at just thirteen years of age, becoming the youngest emperor in the Empireâs history at a time when the borders were threatened by the powerful Sassanid Persians and the Goths, among others. Gordian died on a campaign against the Persians, either in battle or possibly murdered by his own men. Philip, succeeded Gordian, made peace with Shapur I and returned to Italy. His reign encompassed the spectacular celebration of Romeâs millennium in 248 but the wars in the Balkans and East together with crippling taxation led to mutinies and rebellions. Philip and his brother had until then fought successfully against the Persians and others but this did not save Philip, who was killed by a usurperâs forces at the Battle of Verona in 249. He had been Romeâs first Christian emperor and the author considers why it was fifty years before she had another.
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